Technology and application of force-structure cooperative prevention and control on rockburst for mining roadway in deep

Aiming at the increasingly severe rockburst hazards in mining roadways under deep conditions with multiple thick-hard roofs in northwestern China, this study established an engineering mechanical analysis model for rockburst in such roadways, based on analyses of coal-bearing stratigraphic structures and in-situ rockburst characteristics of six rockburst-prone mines affiliated with two typical deep mining areas in Ordos. This study reveals that the inverted right trapezoid zone, which bears the weight of overlying strata and transfers stratal stress, and the inclined block, which restricts the expansion of the inverted right trapezoid zone and protects section coal pillars, are the core factors affecting the surrounding rock stress distribution and structural stability of mining roadways. Centered on the core concepts of energy absorption and structure stabilization, decoupling and energy dissipation enhancement, stress transfer and release, and yielding support and resistance, we proposed a force-structure cooperative prevention and control principle for rockburst in deep mining roadways with multiple thick-hard roofs. Furthermore, we clarified the targeted rockburst prevention technical measures, including roadway roof structure optimization and surrounding rock stress control. Field practices at typical rockburst-prone working faces verified the effectiveness of the proposed force-structure cooperative prevention and control technology, providing theoretical guidance for rockburst prevention and control in mining roadways under deep thick-hard roof conditions in northwestern China.