提高浅埋坚硬特厚煤层顶煤冒放性技术研究

Technology of Improving Top Coal Caving Property in Hard Thick Coal Seam with Shallow Mining Depth

摘要: 为了深入分析浅埋坚硬顶煤破断、垮落的运动特征，以千树塔煤矿11301综放工作面作为研究背景，采用数值模拟和现场试验的方法对坚硬顶煤破断特征、垮落结构进行了研究。结果表明：正常推进阶段，靠近工作面两端头位置，坚硬顶煤容易形成“悬臂”结构，破断的坚硬顶煤块体垮落容易形成挤压平衡“拱”结构。本文提出以深孔爆破方式弱化坚硬顶煤，减小坚硬顶煤悬臂长度；以放煤工艺优化方式降低坚硬顶煤块体垮落成拱几率，并在现场得到了成功应用。

Abstract: In order to study the broken and falling characters of hard top coal seam with shallow-buried，numerical simulation and filed experiment were applied to study the broken and falling characters of hard top coal seam based on the situation of 11301 top coal caving working face of Qianshuta colliery.The results showed that “cantilever” structure could formed easily near the position of both ends of working face in hard top coal during mining process，then an extrusion balance arch would be formed when broken coal bricks falling.The paper proposed that blasting in deep hole could decreased the cantilever length of hard top coal，optimization top coal caving method could decreased the ratio of arch forming ，then it was applied in filed successfully.