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防治煤矿冲击地压两个“四位一体”技术体系

Two "four in one" technical systems for preventing coal mine rockburst

  • 摘要: 针对我国冲击地压矿井开拓开采进程中缺乏实操定型的防冲技术体系,从防治煤矿冲击地压理论基础出发,结合冲击地压防治逻辑关系与实操技术方法,对新版《煤矿安全规程》冲击地压防治部分进行凝练总结,建立防治煤矿冲击地压两个“四位一体”技术体系。结果表明,区域预防冲击地压,可分为优化开拓开采布局和区域卸压,其作用机制为疏降冲击地压驱动载荷供给历程中的基础静载荷供应,为局部采掘空间提供低应力大环境;局部防治冲击地压,可分为以预卸压与解危为主的局部“防”,以制造卸压带与强力阻抗为主的局部“治”,其作用机制为消除采掘围岩增量动静载荷,迫使冲击地压不启动,或者启动但不显现。根据矿井开拓开采进程匹配冲击地压防治流程,分别建立了包括冲击地压矿井鉴别,区域开拓开采优化设计,区域危险区域辨识与圈定,区域卸压与效果检验的区域防冲“四位一体”技术闭环体系;建立了包括局部危险区域辨识与圈定,局部预卸压与加强支护,局部风险实时监测与预警,局部解危与效果检验的局部防冲“四位一体”技术闭合体系。结合冲击地压物理过程与载荷供给历程,提出区域、局部防冲两个“四位一体”技术体系是互补、接力关系,两体系八个环节中,实际暗含了四轮风险辨识与处置,每个体系又形成严谨的风险检验闭环。提出了冲击地压矿井根据开拓开采进程,可自适应地执行两个技术体系,但必须遵循风险辨识与处置成对使用的原则。“十四五”期间区域防冲关键技术得到突破,使得贯穿全程的冲击地压防治两个“四位一体”技术体系成型,并且渗透于新版《煤矿安全规程》中,为煤矿企业治灾提供了实操框架,也为政府监管监察提供了对标抓手,为实现冲击地压治理达标奠定基础,将促进冲击地压矿井规范、科学、有效防治灾害。

     

    Abstract: In response to the lack of a practical and standardized anti rockburst technology system in the development and mining process of China's rockburst mines, starting from the theoretical basis of preventing and controlling rockburst in coal mines, combined with the logical relationship and practical technical methods of rockburst prevention and control, this paper summarizes the rockburst prevention and control part of the new version of the Coal Mine Safety Regulations, and establishes two "four in one" technical systems for preventing and controlling rockburst in coal mines. The results indicate that regional prevention of rockburst can be divided into optimizing mining layout and regional pressure relief. Its mechanism of action is to reduce the supply of basic static loads during the driving load supply process of rockburst, providing a low stress environment for local mining space; Local prevention and control of rockburst can be divided into local "prevention" mainly based on pre unloading and hazard relief, and local "treatment" mainly based on creating pressure relief zones and strong support. Its mechanism of action is to eliminate the incremental dynamic and static loads of the mining surrounding rock, forcing rockburst not to start, or to start but not show. Based on the matching of the process of mine development and mining with the process of preventing and controlling rockburst, a "four in one" technical closed-loop system for regional rockburst prevention has been established, including identification of rockburst mines, optimization design of regional development and mining, identification and delineation of regional hazardous areas, and regional pressure relief and effect testing; A "four in one" technical closed system for local anti-collision has been established, including identification and delineation of local hazardous areas, local pre unloading and strengthening of support, real-time monitoring and early warning of local risks, and local hazard relief and effectiveness testing. Combining the physical process of rockburst and the process of load supply, it is proposed that the two "four in one" technical systems of regional and local rockburst prevention are complementary and relay relationships. Among the eight links of the two systems, there are actually four rounds of risk identification and disposal, and each system forms a rigorous risk inspection loop. It is proposed that rockburst mines can adaptively execute according to the development and mining process, but the principle of risk identification and disposal must be used in pairs is necessary. During the 14th Five Year Plan period, breakthroughs have been made in key technologies for regional anti erosion, forming two "four in one" technical systems for the prevention and control of rockburst throughout the entire process. These systems have been integrated into the new version of the "Coal Mine Safety Regulations", providing practical routines for coal mining enterprises to control disasters and benchmarking tools for government supervision and supervision. This lays the foundation for achieving standard rockburst control and promotes standardized, scientific, and effective disaster prevention and control in rockburst mines.

     

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