Abstract: In response to the engineering demand for the diversified pick arrangement design of pick-type rock-breaking equipment and the insufficient flexibility of existing test equipment in simulating multi-pick rock-breaking, a multi-mode linear rock-breaking test system for picks was developed. This system enables laboratory rock-breaking experiments by picks with various geometric shapes, quantity combinations, and cutting modes. The basic structure, main functions, and technical parameters of the test system were introduced, and rock-breaking tests under four working modes were cnducted for verification. The test system features the following advantages: (1) A structural design method for the pick arrangement system based on positioning plates allows for flexible arrangement of picks with diverse geometric shapes and quantities; (2) The spacing and angle of picks are adjustable, which enables single/multiple cutting processes of picks under different spacing and angle conditions and supports simulations on the multi-pick rock-breaking state of pick-type rock-breaking equipment in practical engineering scenarios; (3) The test system boasts good integrity, simple structure, convenient operation, and excellent expandability. The results of single-pick single/multiple rock-breaking tests, dual (triple)-pick single/multiple rock-breaking tests, and water jet-pick combined rock-breaking tests verify the ability of the test system to investigate the rock-breaking mechanisms and pick arrangement principles for pick-type rock-breaking equipment under conventional engineering conditions. Furthermore, it supports innovative research on the water jet-pick combined rock-breaking principle under hard rock working conditions. The research can provide a solid foundation for the diversified design of pick-type rock-breaking equipment and the improvement of rock-breaking efficiency.