Abstract: The failure characteristics of coal and rock mass under mining and excavation disturbance in coal mines with rock burst are complex. Exploring the scientific connotations of fractal dimension and b value and their common spatio-temporal evolution laws is of great significance for the timely warning of rock burst. Taking the occurrence of rock burst in the steeply inclined thick coal seam of Wudong Coal Mine in Xinjiang as the background, uniaxial compression tests under conventional loading, cyclic progressive loading and unloading, and cyclic recursive loading and unloading were carried out on coal and rock samples. The mechanical characteristics of deformation and failure of coal and rock samples under different stress paths were analyzed. The common evolution laws of fractal dimension and b value during the deformation and failure process of coal and rock with rock burst tendency and their engineering application significance were discussed. A dual-parameter fusion quantitative warning criterion and a short-term and near-term prediction method based on the "intersection point" of the normalized curve decline were proposed. The results show that under the cyclic recursive loading and unloading path, the damage degree of the specimen is higher, and it finally fails after inputting a lower energy. Under the cyclic progressive loading and unloading, the specimen gradually accumulates energy during the loading process and finally fails after inputting a higher energy. The critical failure of coal and rock and rock burst lag behind the "dimension reduction" phenomenon of b value and fractal dimension in time. The extreme values and change trends of the b value and fractal dimension can be used as unified precursory information. Under the condition of steeply inclined coal seams, when the fractal dimension is less than 0.6 and the cumulative decline for three consecutive days is greater than 40%, and the b value is less than 0.5 and the cumulative decline for three consecutive days is greater than 20%, timely analysis and decision-making should be carried out. Before the critical failure, the curve of b value and the fractal dimension intersect in the downward trend. The intersection point of the two after normalization can be used as the warning critical value, thus providing a reference for the short-term prediction of rock failure.