Abstract: As coal mining progresses to greater depths and higher intensities, challenges in strata control have become increasingly prominent. Disasters such as strong ground pressure at working faces, large deformation of roadway surrounding rock, rock burst, and mining-induced seismicity are becoming more severe. Hydraulic fracturing technology, by creating artificial fractures within rock strata to proactively modify the strata structure and adjust the surrounding rock stress field, achieves the goals of weakening strata and pressure relief. It demonstrates significant potential and broad prospects in addressing strata control challenges. This paper reviewed the development history of hydraulic fracturing for strata control in coal mines. It summarized research findings on fracture propagation by means of theoretical analysis, laboratory experiments, and numerical simulations, detailing the morphology, characteristics, patterns, and main influencing factors of hydraulic fracture propagation. The technology was categorized into three types, i.e., underground fracturing, surface fracturing, and coordinated surface-underground fracturing, and their features, advantages, and applicable conditions were comparatively analyzed. Besides, the paper introduced underground local and regional hydraulic fracturing technologies, surface fracturing processes, and complete equipment systems, including characteristics and key technical parameters of fracturing pump assemblies, tool strings, slotting (notching) and perforation devices, and monitoring systems. It also discussed the mechanisms of hydraulic fracturing in roadway pressure relief, working face strata control, and rock burst prevention, revealing its core mechanical principle of "strata structure modification–strata energy release–surrounding rock stress manipulation". Furthermore, it presented typical engineering application cases, and showcased remarkable outcomes in projects such as pressure relief in kilometer-deep soft rock roadways, control of intense ground pressure in 10 m super-high mining faces, and prevention of rock burst and mining-induced seismicity. Finally, the paper analyzed existing problems with current hydraulic fracturing practices and prospects future development directions. To be specific, the fracturing concept should evolve towards being proactive, regionalized, and integrated; the fracturing design should move towards quantification, visualization, and dynamization; the fracturing processes and equipment should advance towards precision, automation, and intelligence; and the fracturing monitoring should develop towards multi-source integration, accuracy, and real-time capability. The ultimate goal is to establish a comprehensive hydraulic fracturing strata control technology system characterized by "precise detection–quantitative design–intelligent operation–real-time monitoring–comprehensive evaluation–dynamic feedback", providing crucial technical support for safe and efficient coal mining.