Abstract: Aiming at the problem of large-area roof hanging that is prone to occur during the mining of coal seams with hard roofs, taking the 122105 large mining height fully mechanized top coal caving face in Caojiatan Coal Mine as the engineering background, this study comprehensively adopted methods such as theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field monitoring to investigate the stress distribution, plastic zone development and fracture characteristics of hard roof under different boundary conditions. A mechanical model of hard roof was established, the deflection functions of the roof under different boundary conditions were obtained, and the mechanism of roof fracture position offset caused by the variation of boundary conditions was revealed, with targeted control measures put forward. The research results show that, compared with the symmetrical progressive failure of the roof in the first mining face, the face with one side goaf exhibits highly asymmetric partial load failure characteristics. The weighting intensity of the working face is higher than that of the first mining face, and the weighting concentration area shifts from the middle part to the middle-rear part of the working face, i.e., offset towards the goaf side. The numerical simulation results indicate that the stress concentration and plastic zone development of the roof in the face with one side goaf show obvious offset towards the goaf side. After the field application of hydraulic fracturing control measures, the proportion of periodic weighting step distance greater than 20 m in the working face decreased by 16.9%; the proportion of weighting times with peak intensity above 50 MPa decreased by 40.62%, and the weighting intensity distribution became more concentrated after fracturing. This study reveals the roof fracture offset mechanism and strata pressure evolution law under asymmetric boundary conditions, and the proposed hydraulic fracturing control technology effectively reduces the risk of strong strata pressure, which provides theoretical basis and engineering reference for roof control of similar working faces.