Abstract: In deep coal mines, the prominent conflict between the high in-situ stress and the low strength of soft surrounding rock frequently induces large-scale deformation disasters that pose a severe threat to safe production. Borehole pressure relief technology, which improves the strength-to-stress ratio of surrounding rock through stress release and space compensation mechanisms, has achieved remarkable advancements in both theoretical development and engineering practice in recent years. This paper systematically reviewed the research dynamics of borehole pressure relief technology both domestically and internationally, focusing on four aspects, i.e., operational mechanisms, parameter design, model testing, and effect evaluation. The following key conclusions were drawn: ① Pressure relief boreholes facilitate the coordinated regulation of triaxial stresses and compensate for shear dilation by inducing fracture propagation, resulting in a stress distribution pattern characterized by “shallow-pressure relief and deep-bearing capacity” and forming a “pressure relief-support” synergic system when combined with high-strength support. ② Key parameters such as borehole diameter, spacing, and depth significantly influence the pressure relief effectiveness. Although multi-factor coupled design criteria have been preliminarily established, their applicability under complex geological conditions requires further validation. ③ Current technical bottlenecks include an incomplete quantitative evaluation framework for pressure relief effectiveness, unclear energy evolution mechanisms, and underdeveloped theories for dynamic pressure relief-support coupling. Looking forward, research should focus on constructing a “multi-field coupling and static/dynamic synergy” analytical framework and developing dynamic constitutive theories integrating thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-damage (THMD) effects. Innovations in precise pressure relief equipment enabled by while-drilling sensing and intelligent decision-making are also needed. Furthermore, optimizing differentiated support and grouting reinforcement and building an integrated “pressure relief-support-reinforcement” control system will drive borehole pressure relief technology toward intelligent, precise, and large-scale applications.