Abstract: Deep coal mining has become inevitable. Research on the occurrence mechanism, prevention and control principle, and engineering technology of dynamic disasters in deep strata is of great significance for ensuring coal mine safety and practicing national requirements for stabilizing coal supply. Firstly, the dynamic disaster processes induced by overburden movement under three typical conditions, namely overburden in the working face advance direction, lateral overburden on the gob side, and overburden through fault cutting, were discussed. The corresponding mechanical models of overburden structure were established, and the mechanical mechanisms of roadway dynamic impact induced by overburden movement was solved. Then, based on the complexity of deep strata structure and the diversity of disaster-inducing characteristics, the full-scale control method for strata spatial structure was proposed. The mechanical principle of full-scale pressure relief, from local pressure relief of roadway surrounding rock to regional strata modification, was revealed. Finally, the basic principles of disaster prevention and control with the main contents of overburden structure modification, upward pressure relief mining, coal seam weakening, coal pillar width design, and high prestressed support were clarified, and many prevention and control engineering practices were carried out. The results show that the surrounding rock deformation in Maiduoshan Coal Mine decreases by 44.61%–46.53% after hydraulic fracturing; the coal displacement in Zaoquan Coal Mine drops by 68.24%–77.78% after large-diameter borehole pressure relief; and the rib deformation in Daanshan Coal Mine falls by 62.5% after high-strength energy absorption support. Upward pressure relief mining and a multi-parameter intelligent monitoring and early warning platform have been successfully applied in Xinzhouyao Coal Mine and Xinjulong Coal Mine, respectively.