Abstract: Deeply buried coal mine dynamic pressure roadways are subject to the dual influence of high stress and strong dynamic pressure, resulting in increased difficulty in controlling the deformation damage of surrounding rock. To address the appearance of mineral pressure in deep dynamic pressure roadways, this study leveraged a protective engineering project for a deeply buried south wing main roadway in western China. A comprehensive approach combining theoretical analysis, laboratory testing, and field experiments was employed to investigate the deformation failure patterns and influencing factors of the south wing dynamic pressure tunnel. A mechanical model for the fracture of thick, hard roof strata in the south wing dynamic pressure roadway was established, elucidating the stress regulation mechanism of rock mass support and pressure relief in the dynamic pressure roadway. This study clarifies the key technical parameters for coupled control of rock mass support and pressure relief and their practical application. The study shows that high in-situ stress, mining-induced stress, and inadequate support strength are the fundamental causes of uncontrollable deformation in the southern wing main roadway. The cantilever beam structure formed by the fracture of the key stratum (38.05 m of medium-coarse sandstone) will disrupt the stress equilibrium of the adjacent south wing main roadway, accelerating deformation and failure of the surrounding rock mass. The energy released by fracturing in hard roof strata is positively correlated with tensile strength and stratum thickness, while negatively correlated with elastic modulus. Strong support optimizes the near-field rock stress environment to enhance its load-bearing capacity. Pre-fracturing for roof stress relief reduces lateral bearing pressure and its distribution range, prematurely releasing elastic strain energy accumulated in the hard roof. High-strength support causes the stress Mohr circle to shift rightward as a whole and increases the shear strength envelope, while pre-fracturing shifts the stress Mohr circle leftward. Their coupled effect causes the stress Mohr circle to contract inward and move away from the shear strength envelope. Based on this rock mass stress regulation mechanism, a coupled control technology scheme of “strong support + roof pressure relief” for deep-buried dynamic-pressure roadways was proposed. Field testing improved the stress state of the protected coal pillar, reduced the periodic weighting length and dynamic load coefficient, effectively controlled deformation and failure of the main roadway rock mass, and ensured the safety and stability of the south wing main roadway. The research results can provide engineering experience and technical support for the control of surrounding rock deformation in deep-buried dynamic pressure roadways.