Abstract: To reveal the dynamic response characteristics and failure mechanism of such slopes, a large-scale shaking table test and numerical simulation study were conducted based on a bedding-plane rock slope at the entrance of a tunnel in China. A multi-domain coupling analysis method was adopted to investigate the influence of weak interlayers and tunnels on the seismic response and failure evolution process of the slope. The results show that the weak interlayer has a significant amplification effect on the peak ground acceleration amplification coefficient (M_PGA). The M_PGA of Model 2 shows a trend of "first decreasing and then increasing" along the elevation, and its amplification factor ε is approximately 1.5 to 2.48 times that of the homogeneous slope with a tunnel (Model 1). Weak interlayers amplify the energy in the 2.30−2.70 Hz frequency band in the middle to upper part of the slope, with an amplitude about twice that of the first-order frequency band f₁ (1.56−1.99 Hz). In addition, the tunnel structure significantly changes the energy propagation path of seismic waves, causing the Hillbert spectrum in the middle part of the slope to change from a double-peak to a multi-peak and the marginal spectrum to undergo a sudden change, indicating local failure and energy transmission obstruction in this area. The Arias intensity increases overall along the elevation and suddenly increases at the middle part of the slope, which is highly consistent with the local failure area. Combining the energy transmission characteristics and failure evolution process, an earthquake failure mode of bedding rock slopes overlying tunnels is proposed: upper tensile cracking→middle part damage expansion→crack connection to form a sliding surface→upper rock mass shear sliding. This study can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the seismic design and disaster prevention and mitigation of bedding rock slopes overlying tunnels.