Abstract: As the mining depth of steeply inclined and extremely thick coal seams continuously increases, the rock burst disasters associated with them are becoming increasingly severe. The rock burst-inducing factors exhibit diversity and keep evolving, which poses difficulties to precise prevention of rock bursts. To address these issues, this paper explored the evolutionary patterns of inducing factors in a typical steeply inclined and extremely thick coal seams mine in Xinjiang by means of case analysis, field monitoring, and theoretical analysis. By analyzing five typical rock burst events in the mine, the main inducing factors were found to be steeply inclined roofs, intermediate rock pillars, remaining coal pillars, mining depth, mining intensity, and horizontal tectonic stress. Moreover, an improved analytic hierarchy process incorporating triangular fuzzy numbers was proposed to quantitatively evaluate the weights of these inducing factors and characterize their evolutionary patterns. The results disclose that steeply inclined roofs and intermediate rock pillars possess the highest weights and constitute the most significant inducing factors, and their weights keep growing with the continuous mining of coal seams. The weights of mining depth and horizontal tectonic stress generally rise with the continuous mining of coal seams, which reflects their enhanced inducing effects. In contrast, the weight of remaining coal pillars generally shows a decreasing trend, suggesting their gradually diminishing influence within the gob on rock bursts. The weight of mining intensity also decreases overall. Fianlly, the evolutionary patterns of inducing factors in steeply inclined and extremely thick coal seams were well verified through mining data analysis, microseismic monitoring, ground stress testing, numerical simulation, and theoretical research. The research results can provide support for precise control of rock bursts in steeply inclined and extremely thick coal seams.