Abstract: With the deepening of coal mining depth, external vibrations from various underground operations lead to frequent outburst accidents and cause serious damage. By analyzing the amplitude-frequency characteristics of artificial acoustic signals under different gas pressure conditions, it is possible to analyze the stress-strain state of coal and rock near the working face, reflect the strength state of the coal body, and predict the risk of dynamic phenomena in the working face. In this study, a test device for artificial acoustic signals of gas-bearing coal under mechanical vibration excitation was independently designed and developed. On this basis, the experimental study on the spectral response characteristics of artificial acoustic signals of gas-bearing coal under mechanical vibration excitation was carried out. Furthermore, the fluid-solid coupling model of gas-bearing coal considering the spectral response characteristics of artificial acoustic signals was derived, and the mechanical field characteristics of gas-bearing coal were obtained based on numerical simulation. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The values of the spectral response characteristic index K of artificial acoustic signals of both gas-bearing and non-gas-bearing coal bodies increase first, then decrease, and ultimately increase again with the rise of axial loading stress, and the relationship between the K value and the axial loading stress can be expressed in the form of an exponential function, where the gas pressure influences the constant term. Besides, the K value also declines with the rise of gas pressure. (2) The coal stress and the K value change obviously in the stress relief and stress concentration areas, but they are relatively stable in the original rock stress area. The relationship between the K value and the coal stress can be fitted by an exponential function, where a higher gas pressure corresponds to a greater constant term C value. The variation trend of the K value is consistent with the distribution law and variation trend of the coal stress, which is a mark of its ability to reflect the stress state of coal. Affected by factors such as coal stress and gas pressure, the permeability and the K value show specific variation patterns. This study perfects the theory of using artificial acoustic signals excited by mechanical vibration to reflect the coal stress state and predict the gas outburst risk and provides innovative technical means and methods for prevention and early warning of coal and gas outburst, which is of great significance for ensuring safe production in coal mines.