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采场应力演化特征的数字化和可视化研究及应用

Research and application on digitalization and visualization of stress evolution characteristics in coal mining stopes

  • 摘要: 研究煤矿工作面采场应力的时空分布规律及演化特征, 是建立灾害预警指标和实施有效防控的关键。笔者结合研究团队近年在煤矿数字化建模和智能化开采等方向的研究进展, 开展了工作面采场应力数据库构筑及其演化特征可视化输出研究。以工作面应力多源数据为基础, 通过数据采集、保真、传输与归一化处理, 提出了采场应力数字化重构方法, 构建了多源数据融合与高效存储数据库, 开发了数据库智能检索、信息化输出和云平台查询等功能。针对采场应力数据库数据离散性等问题, 提出了一种基于微元分段傅立叶变换的数据插值方法, 开发了“点连成线、线连成面、面连成体”三维插值算法, 实现了多源离散数据的连续性表达, 构建了基于关键点和关键区域确定的线性、多项式和指数3种采场应力反演模型, 开发了采动应力演化三维可视化输出反演算法。开展了煤矿采场应力演化特征的物理试验研究, 在实验室尺度实施了采场应力多源数据库构筑及其演化特征的可视化输出。以北京昊华能源集团大安山煤矿典型构造和内蒙古鄂尔多斯马泰壕煤矿3105工作面为工程地质背景, 开展了原位应力场精细化插值和基于微震定位和液压支架载荷的采动应力可视化反演, 在现场尺度实现了采场应力的动态可视化输出。研究结果表明, 通过多源数据缺失填补、重复消除、数据降噪和格式转换, 实现了采场数据的采集保真、有效融合和分类入库, 并依据检索条件对采场数据进行精确快速查询和定位; 基于傅立叶变换的采场应力插值算法分别在一维、二维和三维应力连续性表达中, 达到了88%、82%和74%的精度提升; 通过对工作面支架压力和微震数据的获取与分析, 在现场尺度再现了工作面采动应力的动态演化过程, 多源监测数据与反演结果的分布吻合较好, 验证了反演结果的准确性。

     

    Abstract: Studying the spatio-temporal distribution law and evolution characteristics of stress in coal mining stopes is the key to establishing disaster early warning indicators and implementing effective prevention and control. Building upon the recent research progress of our research team in digital modeling and intelligent mining of coal mines, this research focuses on constructing a stope stress database and achieving the visual output of its evolution characteristics. To be specific, a digital reconstruction method for stope stress through data acquisition, fidelity preservation, transmission, and normalization processing was proposed based on the multi-source data of stope stress, and a multi-source data fusion and efficient storage database equipped with functions such as intelligent database retrieval, information output, and cloud platform query was constructed. Aiming at the problems such as data discreteness in the stope stress database, a data interpolation method based on micro-element piecewise Fourier transform was introduced, and a three-dimensional interpolation algorithm of "generating lines from points, generating surfaces from lines, and generating volumes from surfaces" was put forward, achieving the continuity representation of multi-source discrete data. Meanwhile, three types of stope stress inversion models, namely linear, polynomial, and exponential, were constructed based on key points and key regions, and a three-dimensional visualization output inversion algorithm for the stope stress evolution characteristics was developed. Furthermore, physical experimental research on the stope stress evolution characteristics was conducted, through which the construction of a multi-source database of stope stress and the visualization output of its evolution characteristics were achieved at the laboratory scale. Taking the typical structure of Da'anshan Coal Mine of Beijing Haohua Energy Group and the 3105 mining face of Mataihao Coal Mine in Ordos, Inner Mongolia as the engineering geological background, the fine interpolation of the in-situ stress field and the visualization inversion of mining-induced stress based on micro-seismicity positioning and hydraulic support stress were carried out, achieving the dynamic visualization output of stope stress at the field scale. The research results show that the collection and fidelity, effective fusion, and classified storage of stope data are realized through multi-source data missing filling, repetition elimination, data noise reduction, and format conversion, and the database can conduct precise and rapid query and location of stope data based on retrieval conditions. The stope stress interpolation algorithm based on Fourier transform improves accuracy by 88%, 82%, and 74% respectively in one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional stress continuity represen-tations. By acquiring and analyzing the support pressure and micro-seismicity data of the mining face, the dynamic evolution process of the mining-induced stress of the mining face was reproduced at the field scale. The distribution of multi-source monitoring data is in good agreement with the inversion results, verifying the accuracy of the inversion results.

     

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