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岩爆烈度分级方法综述与展望

Review and prospects of classification methods for rockburst intensity

  • 摘要: 随着采矿、交通、水电等地下工程向深部推进, 深部工程建设过程中遭遇的岩爆灾害发生频次和烈度等级显著提高, 准确预判岩爆烈度等级对岩爆灾害防治显得愈发重要。本文综述了国内外23种岩爆烈度分级方法, 系统比较了分级方法中用到的8个定性分级指标和7个定量分级指标的特点。定性指标多集中于宏观表象特征的识别, 如声响特征、运动特征、时效特征、工程影响等, 受主观经验影响较大; 定量指标如强度应力比和岩爆坑深度, 主要通过实测数据寻求其与岩爆烈度等级的映射关系, 其科学性还需进一步研究。重点介绍了强度&应力耦合判据和岩爆坑深度计算方法的最新研究进展, 为岩爆烈度分级方法提供了更加科学合理的定量指标。在此基础上, 展望了未来岩爆烈度分级方法的发展趋势, 其中包括: 研发AI驱动的岩爆定量指标智能化无人化测取技术、岩爆定性指标量化处理及自动化分析技术, 以此减少人工测取数据导致的误差及安全问题; 基于测取数据构建科学全面的岩爆数据库, 并建立基于多源指标的岩爆烈度智能分级模型; 开发岩爆烈度智能分级平台, 实现岩爆灾害评估的全流程自动化; 在深部工程拱底岩爆和掘进工作面岩爆频发的背景下, 探索构建拱底岩爆和掘进工作面岩爆的烈度分级方法及岩爆坑深度计算方法。

     

    Abstract: As underground engineering projects such as mining, transportation, and hydropower continuously advance deeper into the earth, the frequency and intensity of rockburst disasters encountered during deep construction have significantly increased. Accurate prediction of rockburst intensity is becoming increasingly crucial for the prevention and control of rockburst disasters. This study reviews 23 domestic and international classification methods for rockburst intensity, and systematically compares the characteristics of 8 qualitative and 7 quantitative indicators used in these methods. Qualitative indicators often focus on the indentification of macroscopic features, such as acoustic features, kinetic behavior, temporal characteristics, and engineering impacts, which are susceptible to subjective experience. In contrast, quantitative indicators, such as strength-stress ratio and rockburst pit depth, seek to establish mapping relationships between measured data and rockburst intensity, though their scientific rigor requires further investigation. This study also introduces recent advances in coupled strength-stress criteria and computational methods for rockburst pit depth, which contributes more scientifically grounded quantitative indicators for rockburst intensity classification. Based on the review, the study envisions future trends in classification methods for rockburst intensity, including AI-driven intelligent and unmanned measurement technologies for quantitative indicators of rockburst, as well as automated quantitative analysis technologies for qualitative indicators of rockburst. These methods aim to reduce errors and safety issues arising from manual data collection. Additionally, the study suggests constructing a scientific and comprehensive rockburst database based on collected data and developing a multi-indicator rockburst intensity integrated classification model. Furthermore, it proposes to create an intelligent classification platform based on this model to achieve full-process automation in rockburst hazard assessment. Finally, given the frequent occurrence of rockburst disasters at the arch floor and tunnel face in deep construction, the study calls for exploring ways to classify rockburst intensity at these locations and for estimating rockburst pit depth.

     

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