Abstract: When the mining face approaches the coal pillar, dynamic instability occurs in front coal pillar. To explore the influence mechanism of mining disturbance on dynamic instability of coal pillar, the dynamic compression test of high-stress coal pillar under low-frequency disturbance load was carried out. The results show there is a stress threshold value for the failure of coal samples under high stress (80% of the Unilateral Constrained Compressive Strength(UCCS)), and the threshold value is 15% of UCCS. Subjecting to the stress over the threshold value, the number of disturbance load cycles before the failure of high-stress coal samples decreases exponentially with the increase of amplitude, and the increase of amplitude significantly deteriorates the bearing capacity of coal samples. Also, the irreversible strain, dissipated energy, secant modulus and damping ratio of coal samples show a three-stage evolution law under disturbance load. In addition, with the increase of amplitude, the cumulative dissipated energy in the process of coal sample disturbance increases linearly with the maximum value of 241.932 kJ/m³. The mean value of secant modulus decreases linearly with the minimum value of 1.101 GPa. However, the mean value of damping ratio increases exponentially with the maximum damping ratio of 1.593, indicating the increase of amplitude makes the internal deterioration of coal sample more serious. The large increase of AE energy in the initial disturbance loading stage of coal sample can be used as an advanced criterion to judge whether the coal sample is damaged, and the second surge of cumulative ring count can be used as the precursor information of coal damage beyond the threshold value. With the increase of amplitude, the b value of AE in the whole disturbance loading process on coal decreases linearly with the minimum value of 1.369. In other words, the larger the amplitude, the more sudden and severe the damage of coal sample. With the increase of amplitude, the fracture mode of coal samples when subjecting to stress beyond the threshold gradually changes from shear fracture to tensile or mixed fracture.