Abstract: Coal mining at great depths triggers dynamic disturbances, potentially inducing rockbursts in the sur-rounding rock of the roadway. To explore the relationship between dynamic disturbances and the rockburst failure in surrounding rock of roadway, the PFC numerical simulation method is used, and the effects of induced stress, dynamic disturbance intensity, and disturbance source location on the failure characteristics and energy release of surrounding rock is analyzed. The study reveals that under the same dynamic disturbance conditions, the overall deformation of surrounding rock increases with the increase of mining stress. When the disturbance load becomes significant, it may lead to substantial roof subsidence. The displacement of the wall of the roadway near the disturbance source is significantly higher than that on the other side. Under the low mining-induced stress or dynamic disturbance intensity, the energy release gradually transits from shallow coal to deep over time, characterized primarily by a progressive failure and numerous small energy releases. However, when the mining-induced stress or dynamic disturbance intensity is high,the coal mass deep in the surrounding rock exhibit sudden and large-scale failure,accompanied by rapid release of a large amount of elastic energy. The rockburst hazard of surrounding rock under dynamic disturbance not only depends on the energy magnitude of dynamic disturbance but also on the magnitude of energy released from surrounding rock. When the mining-induced stress or dynamic disturbance intensity increases to a certain level, the magnitude of energy released from surrounding rock significantly increases, posing a high rockburst hazard. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the relationship between dynamic disturbance and impact failure in coal mines, providing reference for the prevention and control of rockburst disaster.