Abstract: The significantly reduced mechanical properties of surrounding rock in burnt rock roadways caused by spontaneous coal seam combustion present substantial engineering challenges. This study investigates the 3202 return airway in the burnt rock zone of Wangcaihuopan Mine. Using the modified Hoek-Brown criterion, analytical expressions for the stress distribution and plastic zone radius in the surrounding rock were derived, revealing key factors affecting rock stability. A combined strategy involving shallow grouting and active-passive support is proposed for stabilizing the burnt rock roadway. Numerical simulations using UDEC were conducted to analyze stress distribution, deformation characteristics, crack development, and support system performance under three scenarios: unsupported, anchor (cable)-supported, and shallow grouting combined with active-passive support. The results indicate the loosened zone of the roadway is closely associated with geological strength index, rock fragmentation, and related factors. The calculated and measured loosened range is 4.2 m. Peak tensile stresses under the three support schemes were 1.14, 0.85, and 0.81 MPa, respectively, while peak deviatoric stress distances from the roadway surface were 2.59, 1.44, and 0.83 m. Maximum roof surface convergences were reduced from 350 mm (unsupported) to 205 mm (anchor-supported) and further to 24 mm (combined support). The combined grouting-anchor(cable)-metal frame support system effectively forms stable load-bearing points in the shallow surrounding rock, significantly enhancing support effectiveness. Field tests confirm that using this combined support technology limits the convergence of the roadway roof and sidewalls to less than 50 mm, ensuring stability in the burnt rock zone. These findings provide valuable guidance for surrounding rock control in similar geological conditions.