Abstract: This study investigates the mechanism of rock burst during the tunnelling of small coal pillar along goaf in the Ordos mining area under the condition of thick and hard rock strata. Based on the dynamic manifestation of mine pressure during the tunnelling of 11-3106 return air roadway in Menkeqing Coal Mine,a combination of theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,and field measurement are used. It is observed that there is a thick hard rock layer above the roof of the coal seam,which still has a certain bearing capacity after coal excavation. This results in the rock layer experiencing a large deformation law in a certain lag time. The numerical results indicate a certain lag in the movement trend of the roadway roof. The subsidence range of the roadway roof shows that the most obvious area of the lag heading face is 25-53 m. Field monitoring data indicates that the concentrated area of microseismic events and the deformation of roadway roof are mainly concentrated in the 20-60 m area of the lag head. The study provides corresponding pressure relief and support measures based on the main affected areas of mine pressure during excavation,ensuring the high efficiency and safety of site construction.